SECONDL.ANG (Converted)
SOME ADVICE TO PARENTS ON CHILD REARING AND SECOND LANGUAGES
At least one parent to whom these word are addressed will be bilingual, or near bilingual,
as a result of having studied, traveled, been posted, or served a mission abroad.
Your kids probably won't repeat the experience you had in acquiring a second language. But it would be an advantage for them, job-wise, mission-wise, and mostly culture-wise,
to be functional in a foreign tongue.
Once one has acquired the ability to think in another idiom, it's easier by a quantum
leap to acquire a third (or fourth). In my own family, growing up, my dad would
always introduce a "table topic" during our evening meal (about the only one we had
together as family) -- Toastmasters has adopted the table topic idea as part of its program
to encourage development of public speaking skills among its membership. A number
of overseas Toastmasters Clubs promote bilingual table topic discussions to provide
friendly criticism by native speakers of member's facility in an acquired language needed
for business or social purposes. A brother-in-law wisely adopted the policy, while
his children were still young, of saying prayers at table in Norwegian. It was at
least a start, and two of his sons served their missions in Scandinavia -- one in Norway,
the other in closely language-related Sweden.
Parents with command of a foreign language might think of combining these two approaches:
prayers plus an evening-meal foreign language "table topic". Your kids will pick
up at least the rudiments of the language by osmosis. Rich people used to hire a
foreign nanny for the kids just so they'd absorb French (or English, or German) as children,
without accent and without the trauma of having to start in school at age twelve
or so without prior exposure, background or preparation.
John McCrone has just published a book called The Ape That Spoke
which gives the best explanation of how the mind works I've ever come across. Author
asserts that the human brain, unlike that of our animal cousins, continues to grow
in size and linkages by a third after birth and that, again, unlike other animals,
the myelin sheaths that insulate our brain cells, are not put in place until we are five
or six years old. In other words, we are not "hard wired" as are other animals within
a few weeks or months of birth. We thus continue to form multiple, inter-connected new synapses forming the bases for identifying future interrelation-ships of objects,
events, and processes, enabling humans to imagine the future (which, at present,
it is believed animals can't do), review the past, and devise new processes and ways
of doing things.
The richer one's network of interrelationships, the more "creative" one will be as
an adult. And, since creativeness is a prime
ingredient of intelligence, the more experience a child has during
these early formative years, the more intelligent, ceteris
paribus
,
he'll be as an adult. Naturally, our genetic inheritance also importantly affects
how many synapses our brains develop. Indeed, recent studies show that almost seventy
per cent of one's intelligence is inherited. And this seventy per cent would quite
clearly refer to the elaborateness of the inherited synaptic wiring pattern But environmental
enrichment plays an important role affecting the other third. McCrone suggests that
the "memory tracks" laid down in our minds during the first six or eight years are the deepest of all, providing the "associations" on which all future experiences,
recollections, and experimentation are based. This is why contemporary psychology
suggests that crib toys, lullabys, and bedtime stories give kids reared by thoughtful, dedicated parents a headstart over more carelessly reared ghetto kids. Some are
even going so far as to acknowledge that the old folk superstition that exposing
a fetus in the womb to classical music may have some basis in fact.
Returning to the point we're making regarding language, the McCone theory explains
why it is so much more difficult to acquire an alternative idiom's logic system as
we get older. The myelin sheaths are in place and we're already "hardwired" for
a single vocabulary/grammar logic system. Of course, the remaining mental flexibility which
makes us human, also makes it possible, with great effort, to forge the new synaptic
connections which enable us to speak a new language. I remember being told by a
highly qualified and experienced State Department linguist years ago that when kids have
acquired a second (or third) language early, even if they then don't use it for years,
that if they ever return to it, it is reacquired much more rapidly (and painlessly),
and with much less foreign accent because they already have the underlying "wiring"
to make these associations. McCrone provides a reasoned basis for this argument.
Alfred Holfert left Germany as a sixteen year old and acquired grammatical English;
but he always kept a fairly strong German accent (ditto Henry Kissinger). Alfred
spoke little German for almost forty years. But when he went back to Germany ten
years ago for his first visit since leaving, he reports that the language came back within
a couple of weeks. It always takes me two or three days to dredge up my French after
speaking Spanish for a few years, and vice versa with Spanish after speaking French.
I've always envied my foreign friends who have two or three tongues at their finger
tips and can switch from one to the other without pause as a result of having been
raised by foreign language nannies. If you start exposing your kids now (ideally
reinforced with some foreign language video cartoons which are now available), they can learn
their French (or Spanish, or Russian, or Chinese) virtually without effort or pain.
I'd start with the foreign language you know because you can introduce it at table
without further preparation, and simply by persevering get your kids used to the idea
that things can be said equally well with a different system of sounds and subject/verb
placement.
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